Crocodile Facts: Species, Habitat, Diet & Behavior

Crocodiles are large reptiles that have existed for over 200 million years, surviving the extinction event that killed the dinosaurs. With 14 species distributed across tropical regions of Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Americas, these apex predators play vital roles in aquatic ecosystems.

Physical Features and Adaptations

Their powerful tails make up nearly half their body length and propel them through water at speeds up to 18 mph. Crocodiles have the strongest bite force of any living animal, with saltwater crocodiles reaching 3,700 PSI. Lost teeth continuously regenerate throughout their lives, with individuals replacing over 3,000 teeth.

Habitat and Distribution

Crocodiles inhabit freshwater rivers, lakes, wetlands, and brackish estuaries. Saltwater crocodiles uniquely tolerate marine environments and travel hundreds of miles through ocean waters. Most species prefer warm tropical climates.

Hunting and Diet

Crocodiles are carnivores that eat fish, birds, mammals, and occasionally other reptiles. They are ambush predators that wait motionlessly for prey to approach water. Their eyes, ears, and nostrils sit on top of their heads, allowing them to remain nearly submerged while observing.

Social Behavior and Communication

Despite their solitary reputation, crocodiles display complex social behaviors. They establish dominance hierarchies through displays, vocalizations, and occasional combat. Crocodiles communicate using over 20 different vocalizations including grunts, hisses, and roars.

Reproduction and Development

Females build nests from vegetation or dig holes in sand to lay 10 to 60 eggs. Temperatures between 88 and 93 degrees Fahrenheit produce more males. Mothers guard nests for 80 to 90 days during incubation.